Modifilan (Laminaria japonica)

Thyroid and Immune Stimulant, Detoxification and Energizing Aid from the Sea

Modifilan This “herb” (a variety of seaweed) might be the most important natural health discovery of the decade!

Modifilan was reportedly developed in Russia by scientists at the State Rehabilitation Institute, where victims of the Chernobyl nuclear catastrophe underwent treatment.

Hand-harvested from far Northern Pacific waters, Laminaria kelp has numerous health properties that set it apart from other species of seaweed.

Beneficial substances found in Modifilan include:

Organic iodine: Organic iodine feeds the thyroid gland, promoting normal metabolism and glandular function.
Fucoidan: a polysaccharide that promotes cancer cell death (apoptosis) and stimulates the immune system in animal studies. (1-4)
Laminarin: a polysaccharide that improves gut health in animal studies.(5)
Fucoxanthin: a natural pigment in the carotenoid family, is a potent antioxidant.(6-11)
Alginate: a natural polysaccharide that binds water and chelates radioactive toxins such as iodine-131 and strontium-90.(12-14)

Modifilan may be useful for:

Boosting the immune system with anti-viral and anti-cancer properties. (1-4, 15-21)
Helping lower blood sugar and cholesterol levels. (22-23)
Detoxifying the body from heavy metals, radioactive elements, free radicals and toxins.(12-14)
Aiding weight loss by improving thyroid, metabolism and GI-tract function.(24-25)
Helping smokers detoxify from heavy metals including strontium and cadmium.(12-14)

It takes 40 pounds or raw seaweed (conscientiously harvested to protect habitat) to make one pound of Modifilan.

Put some “pep in your step,” stimulate weight loss and energy while improving your immune system. This specially processed Laminaria is truly a unique gift from the sea.

Dr. Myatt’s Comment: Many of the “anti-cancer” and immune claims for Modifilan and other seaweed products have not yet been substantiated in humans. However, Modifilan is an excellent source of organic iodine and should be considered by anyone with low thyroid function.

Suggested dose:

For general health maintenance, 4-6 capsules per day.
For heavy metal chelation: 12 capsules per day.
For cancer: as directed by your physician (usually 6-12 capsules per day in divided doses).

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References

1.) Funahashi H, Imai T, Mase T, et al. Seaweed prevents breast cancer? Jpn J Cancer Res. 2001;92(5):483-487.
2.) Furusawa E, Furusawa S. Anticancer potential of Viva-Natural, a dietary seaweed extract, on Lewis lung carcinoma in comparison with chemical immunomodulators and on cyclosporine-accelerated AKR leukemia. Oncology. 1989;46(5):343-348.
3.) Itoh H, Noda H, Amano H, et al. Antitumor activity and immunological properties of marine algal polysaccharides, especially fucoidan, prepared from Sargassum thunbergii of Phaeophyceae. Anticancer Res. 1993;13(6A):2045-2052.
4.) Go H, Hwang HJ, Nam TJ. A glycoprotein from Laminaria japonica induces apoptosis in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2010 Sep;24(6):1546-53. Epub 2010 Jul 6.
5.) Lynch MB, Sweeney T, Callan JJ, O’Sullivan JT, O’Doherty JV. The effect of dietary Laminaria-derived laminarin and fucoidan on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen utilisation, intestinal microflora and volatile fatty acid concentration in pigs. J Sci Food Agric. 2010 Feb;90(3):430-7.
6.) Park PJ, Kim EK, Lee SJ, Park SY, Kang DS, Jung BM, Kim KS, Je JY, Ahn CB. Protective effects against H2O2-induced damage by enzymatic hydrolysates of an edible brown seaweed, sea tangle (Laminaria japonica). J Med Food. 2009 Feb;12(1):159-66.
7.) Wang J, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Li Z. Antioxidant activity of sulfated polysaccharide fractions extracted from Laminaria japonica. Int J Biol Macromol. 2008 Mar 1;42(2):127-32. Epub 2007 Oct 9.
8.) Wang J, Wang F, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Shi X, Li P. Synthesized different derivatives of low molecular fucoidan extracted from Laminaria japonica and their potential antioxidant activity in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol. 2009 Jun 1;44(5):379-84. Epub 2009 Feb 13.
9.) Wang J, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Song H, Li P. Potential antioxidant and anticoagulant capacity of low molecular weight fucoidan fractions extracted from Laminaria japonica. Int J Biol Macromol. 2010 Jan 1;46(1):6-12. Epub 2009 Oct 31.
10.) Yan X, Chuda Y, Suzuki M, Nagata T. Fucoxanthin as the major antioxidant in Hijikia fusiformis, a common edible seaweed. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1999;63:605–7.
11.) Sachindra NM, Sato E, Maeda H, et al. Radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching activity of marine carotenoid fucoxanthin and its metabolites. J Agric Food Chem 2007;55:8516–22.
12.) Davis TA, Volesky B, Mucci A. A review of the biochemistry of heavy metal biosorption by brown algae. Water Res. 2003 Nov;37(18):4311-30.
13.) Sutton, A., Harrison, G. E., Carr, T. E., and Barltrop, D. Reduction in the absorption of dietary strontium in children by an alginate derivative. Br. J.Radiol. 44[523], 567. 1971.
14.) Sutton, A., Harrison, B. E., Carr, T. E., and Barltrop, D. Reduction in the absorption of dietary strontium in children by an alginate derivative. Int.J.Radiat.Biol.Relat Stud.Phys.Chem.Med. 19[1], 79-85. 1971
15.) [No authors listed][Production of cytokines by murine bone marrow dendritic cells in vitro mediated by sulfated polysaccharides obtained from sea brown algae].Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2010 Sep-Oct;(5):34-9. [Article in Russian]
16.) Damonte EB, Matulewicz MC, Cerezo AS. Sulfated seaweed polysaccharides as antiviral agents. Curr Med Chem. 2004 Sep;11(18):2399-419.
17.) Gerasimenko NI, Chaĭkina EL, Busarova NG, Anisimov MM. [Antimicrobic and hemolytic activity of low-molecular metabolits of brown seaweed Laminaria cichorioides Miyabe].Prikl Biokhim Mikrobiol. 2010 Jul-Aug;46(4):467-71. [Article in Russian]
18.) Ishikawa C, Tafuku S, Kadekaru T, Sawada S, Tomita M, Okudaira T, Nakazato T, Toda T, Uchihara JN, Taira N, Ohshiro K, Yasumoto T, Ohta T, Mori N. Anti-adult T-cell leukemia effects of brown algae fucoxanthin and its deacetylated product, fucoxanthinol. Int J Cancer. 2008 Dec 1;123(11):2702-12.
19.) Kim KN, Heo SJ, Kang SM, Ahn G, Jeon YJ. Fucoxanthin induces apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells through a ROS-mediated Bcl-xL pathway. Toxicol In Vitro. 2010 Sep;24(6):1648-54. Epub 2010 Jun 8.
20.) Makarenkova ID, Deriabin PG, L’vov DK, Zviagintseva TN, Besednova NN. [Antiviral activity of sulfated polysaccharide from the brown algae Laminaria japonica against avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in the cultured cells]. Vopr Virusol. 2010 Jan-Feb;55(1):41-5. [Article in Russian].
21.) Yamamoto K, Ishikawa C, Katano H, Yasumoto T, Mori N. Fucoxanthin and its deacetylated product, fucoxanthinol, induce apoptosis of primary effusion lymphomas. Cancer Lett. 2010 Nov 13. [Epub ahead of print]
22.) Bu T, Liu M, Zheng L, Guo Y, Lin X. α-Glucosidase inhibition and the in vivo hypoglycemic effect of butyl-isobutyl-phthalate derived from the Laminaria japonica rhizoid. Phytother Res. 2010 Nov;24(11):1588-91. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3139.
23.) Woo MN, Jeon SM, Kim HJ, Lee MK, Shin SK, Shin YC, Park YB, Choi MS. Fucoxanthin supplementation improves plasma and hepatic lipid metabolism and blood glucose concentration in high-fat fed C57BL/6N mice. Chem Biol Interact. 2010 Aug 5;186(3):316-22. Epub 2010 May 16.
24.) Woo MN, Jeon SM, Shin YC, Lee MK, Kang MA, Choi MS. Anti-obese property of fucoxanthin is partly mediated by altering lipid-regulating enzymes and uncoupling proteins of visceral adipose tissue in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2009 Dec;53(12):1603-11.
25.) You JS, Sung MJ, Chang KJ. Evaluation of 8-week body weight control program including sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) supplementation in Korean female college students. Nutr Res Pract. 2009 Winter;3(4):307-14. Epub 2009 Dec 31.

EXERCISE:

What you need to know

The human body is designed for movement. In fact, the body depends on movement. Consider the three main forms of exercise and the many functions that exercise serves.

Aerobic exercise: activity which elevates the heart rate above its resting normal rate. Such activities include walking, running, bicycling, swimming, rowing, dancing — anything that makes your heart beat faster. Benefits: Aerobic activity strengthens the heart, improves lung function, builds stronger bones, improves circulation and oxygenation to the tissues, moves the lymphatic fluid through the body, normalizes hormone function (male and female hormones, adrenal, thyroid, and pancreas) and elevates mood. It is the single most important type of activity for preventing heart disease and cancer.

Flexibility exercise: activity which takes the muscles, joints and spine through a range of movement. Such activity includes stretching, yoga, tai chi, ballet. Benefits: Flexibility exercises help keep the spine and joints limber, and improves balance and coordination.

Weight training: activity which develops (strengthens) and shapes muscles. This includes lifting weights. Benefits: Weight training helps to define and strengthen various muscle groups and build strength.

There is an “overlap” of benefits from the various types of activity. For example: vigorous weight training elevates the heart rate and has aerobic benefit. Yoga and other flexibility activities often have aerobic benefit as well. Many types of aerobic activity, such as walking, develop muscle strength and have some of the muscle-building benefits of weight training.

HOW TO BEGIN

If you are beginning an exercise program for the first time, are more than twenty pounds over your normal weight, over 35 years old, severely deconditioned (“couch potato syndrome”) or have a known health problem, it is best to begin by having a complete physical exam and getting clearance from your doctor. Having said this, I must also point out that if you avoid exercise because you are unwilling to get a physical exam, the dangers of not exercising are far greater than the dangers of unsupervised exercise for most people. The following guidelines for aerobic activity may be used by anyone who is capable of walking one mile.

INSTRUCTIONS

Begin at whatever level/week you can comfortably do now and work up from there.

Exercises: walking (best), bicycling, swimming, treadmill, indoor aerobic exercise equipment (rowing machine, Cardiofit®, stairclimber, etc.), mini trampoline

It is better to stay at one level consistently than to go to a higher level irregularly.

BOTTOM LINE: Be Faithful!

Level or Week

Distance (miles)

Time (minutes)

Times per week

or 15

1.5

or 20

1.75

or 25

1.75

or 25

or 30

2.25

or 30

2.5

or 35

increase by 1/4 mile

or by five minutes

9/10

same as last week and increase # of times per week

4/ 5

11/12/13

OR increase by .25 mile or by five minutes

3/4/5

The End Of Free Access To Supplements?

Pending U.S. House Bill Will Limit Access to Nutritional Supplements

H.R. 3045 CAFTA, the Central American Free Trade Agreement comes before the House in the next few days, to the President within a week.

CAFTA has already passed the U.S. Senate on June 30 by an unusually close vote (for a big trade agreement) of 54-45. The vote in the House of Representatives is expected to come on Wednesday or Thursday, July 27 or 28, 2005.

The full name of CAFTA is CAFTA-DR, for “Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement.” If approved by the House and signed by President Bush (who is a big supporter), it is estimated that more than 80% of U.S. consumer and industrial exports and over half of U.S. farm exports to the countries involved would become duty-free. The countries are the U.S., Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic.

Support for, and opposition to, CAFTA is intense. Most Democrats and many “progressives” oppose it. But so do some elements on the right, including a number of Republicans and Libertarians. Most of the debate has been about the prospect of further U.S. job losses and the decimation of domestic industries like textiles, and the loss of national sovereignty to international trade organizations.

CAFTA will limit Americans’ freedom to access nutritional supplements.

CAFTA, along with NAFTA, GATT, activities of the United Nations’ (UN) WHO (World Health Organization), FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), and CODEX, is one of an alphabet soup of policies, programs, and highly bureaucratized and unresponsive international agencies that, in the context of an increasingly globalized one world economy, are coming together to change the way of life and impact personal freedom in individual nations, including the United States. As has become clear only recently, CAFTA represents a potentially serious threat to Americans’ (that is, residents of the United States’) ability to purchase nutritional supplements, especially at therapeutic (high) dose levels.

Kent Snyder, executive director of the Liberty Committee, issued an “action alert” on CAFTA and CODEX on July 13. In the alert, Snyder writes, “Will the Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) finally force you to get a doctor’s prescription just to buy vitamin C, or E, or other dietary supplements you currently pick up ‘over the counter’ in America? Powerful special interests are banking on it.

“Since 1995, Big Medicine has spent billions of dollars trying to get Washington to regulate your dietary supplements just as European governments do. So far, that effort has failed in America. But you may lose the battle for health freedom if CAFTA entangles the U.S. in Europe’s infamous Codex Alimentarius (Codex).

“And if you think CAFTA — the bogus ‘free trade’ agreement — really has nothing to do with limiting the manufacture and distribution of dietary supplements, then why does it specifically mention Codex? . . .

“The pharmaceutical companies want government to ‘manage’ the dietary supplement industry under Codex in order to drive out competitors so only they can manufacture and distribute vitamin C and other dietary supplements. If that happens, as it already has in Europe, the supplements you now take will be available only by prescription and at a much higher cost — if they are available at all.

“We will fight CAFTA, NAFTA, WTO and the like because they subjugate our national sovereignty to the ‘rulings’ of global institutions and the whims of the unelected bureaucrats-for-life who run them. As this web of global governance grows, our freedom to choose shrinks — and health freedom is just one example.”

We at the Wellness Club are VERY worried about this – we believe that if this, and Codex passes you will no longer be able to obtain vitamins and supplements without a doctor’s prescription, and even with that prescription some supplements may be completely unavailable – prohibited, just like heroin! If this passes, it will drive most vitamin and supplement suppliers out of business – and with no one to supply the vitamins and supplements that you are used to taking, it won’t matter if you can get a prescription to buy them or not – you just won’t be able to get them at all, at any price.

Please think about what this means to you, to your health, to your family’s health. Contact your representative today and tell them that you won’t stand for this assault on your health freedoms!

Yours In Health,

Dr. Dana Myatt and Nurse Mark

How I Evaluate Holistic Health Information and Avoid Being Duped

Summary: Learn how to evaluate “holistic medical” information like a professional, and avoid scams, quacks, rip-offs and as-yet-unproven therapies.

Hardly a day goes by that I am not asked, “Dr. Myatt, have you heard of such-and-such a therapy / remedy / herb / whatever.”

With thousands if not hundreds of thousands of “cures” and “new treatments” being touted, how do I separate the grain from the chaff and still have time to sleep?

Here’s how:

If I’ve never heard of it, that’s a bad sign. My research team and I spend much of the day reading medical journals – both conventional and alternative – in addition to news, editorials and “new cure” puff (sales) pieces. All new breakthroughs or “just discovered” research appears someplace. If there are no references except those put out by the manufacturer, my “bogus meter” starts to buzz. Even conventional medicine and its many drug-company ploys have been known to set off my alarm.
I subscribe to the “conspiracy theory,” but I don’t go overboard. Yes, the government, the FDA and Big Pharma really do ignore worthy treatments and cures if they can’t figure out how to make a buck from them. There’s a lot of skullduggery that goes on to be sure. But when someone tells me that I’ve never heard of a remedy because the government is suppressing it, I know that’s bogus. Even with suppressed therapies, you’ll find references and information about the subject in medical journals and alternative sources. For example, “The Black Salve” (used for melanoma skin cancer) will never be FDA approved. In fact, it’s difficult to get hold of. But you will find plenty of references to it, many of them credible. Even “outlawed” remedies will still have plenty of references in the holistic medical literature.
The Cure has “Testimonials only.” Oh yeah, lots of people are saying “this works great!” Who are these people, and how do I even know that these are legitimate testimonials? Further, if a lot of people say a product or remedy works great, someone would be taking up the cause and doing legitimate research to see if this “remedy” is reproducible. For any remedy you can name, I can find several people who swear it works. But remember, even a clock that has stopped working tells the correct time twice a day. Testimonials are good, but they should not supplant reproducible studies on a drug, herb, magnet or other remedy.
The only people who have studied the remedy are the one(s) selling it. “Dr. So-and-so” is the developer of aura-strengthening magnets which cure all disease. He’s been researching this for twenty years and used it on 5,000 patients. It works, and you can buy it from him. And by the way, no one else has done independent research on this product. (Probably because the Government is suppressing it – right?)
I check references. (The scientific references in support of a product or therapy). No references? Not a good sign. One lab rat study, reported 357 times on the internet (making each of those look like separate references) doesn’t cut it. References that don’t really support the claims? (’cause they thought no one would bother to check references) I’m outta’ here…

Life is short. I’m sure that by not examining 100 unproven remedies a day I might be overlooking one or two promising therapies a month. But there are so many proven therapies for everything that ails humankind, how much time should I spend on the “as-yet-unprovens”? Besides, if the “new thing” in question is legit, I know I’ll see or hear about it again, and soon. You can’t keep a good cure down.

Until I have confidence that a new treatment, product or other medical cure is effective, I’ll stick with what works and is scientifically verifiable and clinically reproducible. There are more than enough reliable remedies in the entire holistic health armamentarium to cure or control almost every disease, and new and provable ones are added to that list every day.

And that’s “the rest of the story.”

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE, DEMENTIA, SENILITY

Natural support for healthy mental function

An estimated 6% of the over-60 population suffer from Alzheimer’s disease, while “Senile dementia,” or non-Alzheimer’s senility, affects a similar number. The two diseases are difficult to distinguish, especially early-on. Diagnosis is a matter of clinical judgment on the part of the doctor. The only definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s is a post-mortem examination of the brain, where deterioration of brain cells and “scarring” are evident.

It is sometimes difficult for a lay person to distinguish “ordinary forgetfulness” from symptoms of age-related memory changes. Here are symptoms of greater concern: 1.) Memory lapses that occur more frequently and become more severe 2.) Depression, anxiety, or paranoia 3.) Loss of judgment and discrimination 4.) Mood changes: irritability, anger, loss of interest in everyday activities 5.) Loss of awareness of everyday events.

There are many non-Alzheimer’s, non-senility health problems that can cause memory and mood changes. For this reason, it is important to see your doctor for a complete physical examination. Your doctor will be able to discover if you have a health problem that is causing memory changes. Remember, most memory loss is either normal forgetfulness or caused by another illness or lifestyle factor. Secondly, and simultaneously, begin the positive steps outlined below. Simple factors such as B vitamin deficiencies can cause serious mental changes. Don’t let easily correctable memory changes happen to you!

DIET AND LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATIONS

Eat a well-balanced diet. Lack of nutrients can cause memory changes.
Exercise regularly. Exercise improves blood flow, nutrients, and oxygen to the brain.
Avoid cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide, which is toxic to the brain.
“Exercise” your brain: read, work crossword puzzles, use name associations, pay attention to life!
Avoid aluminum (found in cookware, antiperspirants, antacids, beverage cans). Aluminum and other toxic metal accumulation in the brain is associated with Alzheimer’s disease.

PRIMARY SUPPORT

Take Daily Multi Vitamin and Mineral Supplement. This should include vitamins A,C,E, beta carotene, bioflavonoids, B complex vitamins (especially B1, B6, B12, folic acid), and selenium. Maxi Multi contains optimal daily doses of these nutrients.
Max EPA (fish oil): 1 cap, 3 times per day with meals to prevent or reverse inflammation. Take higher doses as directed if your hs-CRP tests are elevated. Flax oil is also beneficial but requires a biochemical conversion in the body which is deficient in many people, so fish oil is more certain.
Citicoline: A double-blind, placebo controlled study found that citicoline improved cognitive performance in Alzheimer’s patients. High-tech imaging showed that it also improved cerebral (brain) blood flow in this group of Alzheimer’s patients. According to the researchers: ” … citicoline (1,000 mg/day) is well tolerated and improves cognitive performance, cerebral blood perfusion and the brain bioelectrical activity pattern in AD [Alzheimer’s Disease] patients.” (1)

ADDITIONAL SUPPORT

Take any or all of these proven neuro-protective substances:

CoQ10: 50-300mg per day. This powerful antioxidant, produced by the body, diminishes with age. It is especially valuable for all types of heart disease. CHOLESTEROL-LOWERING DRUGS deplete CoQ10.
Turmeric: 1 capsule, 3 times per day (target dose: 900mg). Potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrin herb, turmeric acts by three different mechanisms to help protect the brain from the presumed causes of Alzheimer’s.
Ginkgo biloba: 1 cap, 2 times per day. [target dose: 240mg of a 24% flavoneglycoside formula]. Ginkgo is a potent antioxidant that also improves cerebral circulation. This herb is mentioned in The Merck Manual of (conventional) Medicine as being helpful for Alzheimer’s!
Phosphatidyl Serine: 1 cap (100mgPS), 3 times per day. PS increases brain cell communication by improving membrane fluidity.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine: 1 cap (500mg), 3 times per day between meals. A-LC acts as a powerful antioxidant in the brain.
Alpha-Lipoic Acid: 1 cap, 2-3 times per day. This neurological antioxidant chelates free iron from the forebrain, thereby protecting against free-radical induced brain aging.
Melatonin: this hormone decreases with age. It is a potent antioxidant and one of the only ones to cross the blood-brain barrier. It should be used in almost all cases of any neurological disease and is an important part of longevity and anti-aging programs.

Alzheimer’s disease and Senile Dementia are not an inevitable part of aging even though they are common in our country. Don’t let these memory-robbing diseases deprive you of YOUR Golden Years!

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS

A hair analysis should be done to rule out heavy metal and aluminum toxicity. Most conventional medical doctors do not perform this test, even though it is reliable for detecting heavy metals.
Women and men of menopausal age (40-55) should have hormone levels evaluated. A shift in the amount of sex hormones can cause memory changes.
Women of menstrual age should avoid taking ginkgo regularly. This herb has a blood-thinning effect and can cause heavier-than-normal menstrual bleeding. Consider Hypericum (St. John’s Wort) herb instead.

Related Articles:
Remembering Reagan, Avoiding Alzheimer’s

References:

1.) Alvarez XA, Mouzo R, Pichel V, Pérez P, Laredo M, Fernández-Novoa L, Corzo L, Zas R, Alcaraz M, Secades JJ, Lozano R, Cacabelos R., Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Nov;21(9):633-44. Double-blind placebo-controlled study with citicoline in APOE genotyped Alzheimer’s disease patients. Effects on cognitive performance, brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral perfusion. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10669911

Dr. Jeff Braverman’s Natural Supplementation Recommendations – Patient Education Handout

Dr. Myatt’s Natural Supplementation Recommendations For Fertility / Preconception / Pregnancy

Supplement Brief Description of Action Dose For Him Dose For Her Multi-Vitamin
Dr. Myatt’s
Maxi Multi Maxi Multi optimal potency multiple vitamin/mineral/trace mineral formula for pre-conception and fertility enhancement: 1) Supplies high potency (therapeutic dose) antioxidant nutrients 2) Increases rate of conception 3) Decreases congenital abnormalities. 3 capsules, 3 times a day with meals 3 capsules, 3 times a day with meals Antioxidant
Dr. Myatt’s
Maxi Flavone Maxi Flavone broad-spectrum herbal antioxidant formula decreases Radical Oxygen Species (ROS), lowers TNF-α, excess NK cell activity and inflammation. In men, ROS decrease sperm motility and concentration. In women, ROS are detrimental to both natural and assisted fertility. 1 capsule, 2 times a day with meals 1 capsule, one to two times a day with meals EPA/DHA
Dr. Myatt’s
Maxi Marine-O3 Maxi Marine O-3 is an ultra-pure, ultra high potency fish oil. EPA/DHA (which occur together in fish oils) decrease NK cell activity. EPA decreases TNF-alpha. Fish oil is anti-inflammatory. 1 or 2 capsules, once a day with a meal 1 or 2 capsules, once a day with a meal DHEA 25mg sublingual tabs deliver higher potency than oral DHEA by avoiding “first pass” liver transformation. 2 tablets, once a day, dissolved under the tongue 1 tablet, once a day, dissolved under the tongue Iron
Energizing Iron Energizing Iron – Heme iron is found in Liquid Liver Extract, and it is the easiest-to-assimilate form of iron. Liquid Liver helps build blood faster than taking many-times-higher doses of non-heme iron. Unlike elemental iron, it is not constipating. Not recommended unless patient is clinically iron deficient 3-6 caps a day with meals. 2 caps of Energizing Iron is equivalent to 25mg of elemental iron Flavonoids
Dr. Myatt’s
Maxi Greens Maxi Greens is a Complete Green Food / Flavonoid / Phytonutrient-Rich Daily Herb Formula containing the same flavonoid herbs found in Maxi Flavone in addition to green food “Super Foods” such as wheat grass. 3 Capsules 2-3 times per day.
(6-9 caps per day with meals). 3 Capsules 2-3 times per day.
(6-9 caps per day with meals). Mitochondrial
Optimizer Mitochondrial Energy Optimizer with BioPQQ™not only protects delicate cellular structures and enables cells to perform life-sustaining metabolic processes, it also helps generate new mitochondria. 2 caps twice daily, preferably early in the day or as recommended by Dr. Braverman 2 caps twice daily, preferably early in the day or as recommended by Dr. Braverman Vitamin K2 Vitamin K2 is a blood clotting factor that may be recommended for heavy menstrual cycles. Not recommended unless patient is clinically deficient 1 or 2 capsules, once a day with a meal CoQ10 CoQ10 is a naturally-occurring antioxidant. It is vitally involved in cellular energy production. It is used in treating male infertility 200 mg a day to improve sperm kinetic features in idiopathic asthenozoospermia 50-100 mg per day for health maintenance

For detailed information about these supplements including their actions and full scientific references, or to conveniently order, please visit www.DoctorMyatt.com and navigate to the Fertility Restore / Dietary Supplements area on the left-hand navigation bar. You may call toll-free 1 800 376 9288 to order. You can obtain your supplements elsewhere but please be sure that you check the label to ensure that you are getting the same potency and quality.
Sub-standard supplements are not a “bargain” – they are a waste of money!

Drug Nutrient Interactions

This list provides common drug and nutrient interactions. Please note that the prescription drug listings are not all-inclusive; drugs listed are common examples.
Herb Drug Class Type of Interaction Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) – Leaf Anticoagulants2,4,9
e.g. Warfarin3 Interact
Reduced drug action due to Vitamin K content in alfalfa Hormone replacement therapy2,4,9 Interact Oral contraceptive2,4,9 Interact Xenobiotics3 Increases rate of metabolism Remedies: Nutritional support, retained water, Cholesterol, menopause, addiction, urinary, bowel problems Aloe Vera – (A. vera) Latex Powder All drugs12 Aloe latex will bind all drugs Antiarrhythmic agents5,11,12
e.g. Quinidine Interact Cardiac glycosides2,3,5,11,12
e.g. Digoxin5 Increases toxicity. Increases effect due to potassium loss, hypokalemia Cortico-adrenal steroids5,11 Increases potassium deficiency Diuretics3
e.g. Loop diuretics5
e.g. Thiazide diuretics5,11 Increases potassium loss
Interact
Interact Laxative, stimulant20 Increases diarrhea, abdominal pain and fluid loss Oral drugs3,11 Decreases absorption of drug due to reduction in bowel transit time Glyburide4 Increases hypoglycemic effect Aloe Vera – Gel or Juice Glibenclamide3,4 Increases hypoglycemic effect Remedies: Immune system, Cancer, Heartburn, Arthritis Anise or Aniseed (Pimpinella anisum) – Seed Anticoagulants9 Excessive doses of Anise may interact with anticoagulants Hormone Replacement Therapy9 Excessive doses of Anise may interact with HRT Iron5 Enhances iron absorption across the intestinal mucosa Oral contraceptive9 Excessive doses of Anise may interact MAOIs9 Excessive doses of Anise may interact with MAOI therapy Remedies: Digestion, Infection, Respiratory problems and infections, Menopause Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) – Root Acyclovir20 Drugs incompatible with herb Aldesleukin20 Astragalus with low dose Aldesleukin resulted in a 10-fold potentiation of Aldesleukin’s tumor cell killing activity with decreased side effects Anticoagulants/Antiplatelet20 Increases risk of bleeding Remedies: Alzheimer’s, Common cold, Sore throat, Chemotherapy support Basil (Ocimum basilicum) – Leaf Antidiabetic agents5 May enhance hypoglycemic effects Insulin5 May enhance hypoglycemic effects Sulfonylureas5 May enhance hypoglycemic effects Remedies: Digestion, Stomach cramps, Vomiting, Constipation, Anxiety, Headaches Bay (Laurus nobilis) – Leaf Insulin5 Herb enhances hypoglycemic actions – may increase insulin’s effect more than three fold5 Remedies: Stomach problems, Rheumatism Bearberry Uva Ursi (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) – Leaf Drugs that acidify the urine3,4,5,7
e.g. Vita. C (Absorbic Acid) May decrease the urinary antimicrobial action Drugs known to interact with hydroquinone2 Theoretically, caution should be exercised Diuretics5 Enhances electrolyte loss Remedies: Arthritis, Urinary problems, Diarrhea, Bronchitis, Fever, Hemorrhoids Bee Pollen Antidiabetic agents5
Hypoglycemic agents5
Insulin5 Interact – May promote hyperglycemia Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) – Fruit Anticoagulants5
e.g. Warfarin4,20 Increases risk of bleeding
Increases bleeding time ASA4 Interact Bilberry – Leaves Insulin3 May cause hypoglycemia Remedies: Prevent cataracts, Enhance night vision, Blood circulation, Diarrhea, Liver & stomach problems Birch (Betula) – Leaf None reported5,10 Remedies: Lessens inflammation, Diuretic, Joint pain, Urinary tract infections Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa) – Root Antihypertensives5 Increases hypotensive effects Estrogen7,12 Interact Hormone treatments14 Interact Tamoxifen4 Augments antiproliferative action (in vitro) Remedies: PMS, Menstruation problems, Hot flashes Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) – Bark, leaf hull Atropine23 Interact Codeine23 Decreased absorption Remedies: Candida, Skin problems Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) – Root Angina therapy4,5,9 Interact Antihypertensives5 Decreases effect of drug, increases blood pressure Nicotine5 Increases effects of nicotine Remedies: Muscle spasms, Menstrual disorders, Nervous & memory disorders Borage (Borago officinalis) – Seed Oil Epileptogenic drugs20 May manifest seizures (theoretical) Phenothiazines9 Interact Remedies: Skin & nail health Broom (Cytisus scoparius) – Aerial parts MAOIs23 Contains tyramine Beta blockers5 Potentiates drug Antihypertensives5 Interact Remedies: Diuretic, Emetic, Purgative Bugleweed (Lycopus spp) – Aerial parts Thyroid therapy23 Interact Beta blockers5 May mask symptoms Remedies: Hyperthyroidism, Mood, Overactive heart Bupleurum (Bupleurum spp) – Root Interferon23 May lead to serious lung disease Remedies: Liver disease, Hemorrhoids, Digestion

Burdock (Arctium lappa)
– Fruit & Roots

Oral hypoglycemics2,4,5,9 Increases hypoglycemia Insulin3,5 Hypoglycemic effect – Leaves Oral hypoglycemics4 Increases hypoglycemia Remedies: Acne, Psoriasis, Rheumatoid arthritis Calendula (Calendula officinalis) – Flowers Hexobarbital2,3 Extends duration of drug action (rats) Remedies: Eczema, Gastritis, Sunburn, Minor burns and wounds Catnip (Nepeta cataria) – Aerial parts Dextromethorphan23 Potentiates effect of drug Remedies: Sedation, Colic Cat’s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) – Root Bark Anticoagulants5 Potentiates effect of drug Antihypertensives5 Potentiates effect of drug Oral contraceptives4 May antagonize effect of drug Hormone replacement therapy4,7 May antagonize effect of drug Immunosuppressives4 May antagonize effect of drug Insulins7 Interact Ulcer medications10 Interact Vaccines7 Interact Remedies: Stimulates immune system (taken by HIV and cancer patients), Rheumatism, Gastric, Ulcers, Tumors & Dysentery Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens) – Fruit All Drugs2 Increases hepatic metabolism Antihypertensives2,5,9 Interact ACE Inhibitors3,16 May increase cough Centrally acting adrenergic agents5
e.g. Clonidine, Methyldopa5 Decreases effect of drug Hexobarbital3 Increases plasma concentration and sleep with acute use and decreases with chronic use (rats) MAOI2,5,9 Interact, hypertensive crisis Theophylline3,16 Increases absorption and bioavailability of drug Remedies: Digestion, Blood circulation, Arthritis, Colds, Sore throat, Sinus problems Chamomile, German (Matricaria recutita) – flowers All Drugs5 Decreases absorption of drugs secondary to Chamomile
Antispasmodic activity in GI tract Anticoagulants5,9 Large doses of herb may interact Remedies: Digestion, Diuretic, Sleep aid, Colitis, Diverticulosis, Fever, Headaches, Stress Chaparral (Larrea tridentata) – Aerial Parts Anticoagulants20 Chaparral has been shown to interact with platelet adhesion and aggregation in aspirin-treated patients Barbiturates4 Inhibits metabolism MAOIs9 Excessive doses of Chaparral may interact with MAOI therapy Remedies: Diuretic, Laxative w Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus) – Berry Dopamine-receptor antagonists1,4,13
e.g. Antipsychotics & Metoclopramide14 Decreases therapeutic effect of drug (animal) Dopaminergic drugs Interact Hormone therapy4 Interact Oral contraceptives3,4 Interact with efficacy of drug Remedies: Colds, Coughs Chondroitin sulfate Anticoagulants5 Potentiates effects of drug Remedies: Joint health, Arthritis Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) – Bark None reported1,5 Remedies: Diarrhea, Nausea, Blood circulation, Fungal infection, Digestion Cloves (Syzgium aromaticum) – Buds Anticoagulants9 Potentiates anticoagulant effects of drug Remedies: Antiseptic, Anti parasitic, Digestive aid, Dental problems Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) – Leaf Antihypertensives4,5,9 Interact Cardiovascular therapy4,9 Interact Remedies: Coughs, Respiratory ailments, Diabetes Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) – Leaf or Root None reported4,5 Remedies: Wounds and many skin problems Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) – Berry Renally excreted drugs5 May increase elimination of some drugs excreted in the urine. Remedies: Urinary tract infections Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) – Root Antidiabetic agents5,9 May potentiate effect of drug, promoting hypoglycemia Antihypertensives5 Additive or synergistic hypotensive effect Lithium3,4 Toxic effect of lithium worsened – Leaf Diuretics2,4,5,9 Potentiates the diuretic action of drug (Herb is rich in potassium) Remedies: Constipation, Indigestion, Water retention, Alcoholism Devil’s Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) – Root Cardiac therapy2,9 Interact Antiarrhythmic drugs2,4,5 Theoretical possibility of interaction due to herb’s protective action against arrhythmia Hypo/hypertensive therapy2,9 Interact Warfarin16 Increases risk of Purpura Remedies: Indigestion, Heartburn and Arthritis Dong Quai (Angelica sinensis) – Root Anticoagulants2,5,12 Interact ASA12 Interact Warfarin4,20 Herb may enhance the anticoagulant effect of drug HRT – Hormone Therapy22 Interact Remedies: Breast cysts, Menopause and PMS symptoms Echinacea (Echinacea species) – Root/Leaf Cancer treatments4 Herb stimulated immune system Econazole nitrate cream3 Recurrence rate of vaginal candida infection decreases when the herb juice is used simultaneously Immunosuppressive agents2,4,9
e.g. Corticosteroids & Cyclosporine4 Herb stimulates immune system Hepatotoxic drugs12 Increases liver toxicity with other hepatotoxic drugs Warfarin4 Increases bleeding time (anecdotal reports) Remedies: Boost immune system to prevent colds, flu, ear infections, sore throats, mouth ulcers (cankers), gingivitis and yeast infections Elder (Sambucus nigra) – Berry None reported1,2,5,10 Remedies: Colds, Herpes simplex, Sore throat, Flu, Inflammation Evening Primrose Oil (Oenothera biennis) – Seed Anticoagulants2,14,20 Interact, may reduce platelet aggregation and potentiate drug action Beta-blockers2,14 Decreases action of herb Corticosteroids2,14 Theoretically interact Epileptogenic drugs2,4,9
e.g. Phenothiazines2,5,9,14,19 Increases epileptic attacks Lithium carbonate2 Decreases neurotoxicity NSAIDs2,14 Theoretically interact Vasodilators20 May potentiate effect of drug Remedies: Arteriosclerosis, Diabetes, Eczema, Fibrocystic breast disease, PMS, Rheumatoid arthritis Fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum) – Seed All Drugs3,5,9,20 Absorption of all drugs may be affected due to mucilaginous fiber content and high viscosity in gut Anticoagulants5,9,10 Interact Heart medications10 Interact Hormonal therapy9,10 Interact Hypoglycemic therapy5,9 Interact Insulin3,20 Dose may need adjustment due to hypoglycemic activity MAOIs9,10 Interact Remedies: Lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels, Diabetes, Arteriosclerosis Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) – Leaf Anticoagulants2,4,12,13
e.g. Warfarin2,4 Potentiates effect of drug Aspirin12,13 Increases antithrombotic effect Corticosteroids2 Decreases effect of herb Imitrex12 Decreases efficacy of drug NSAIDs2,12 Decreases effect of herb Tylenol12 Decreases efficacy of drug Remedies: Migraines Flax (Linum usitatissimum) – Seed All Drugs1,3,4,5,13,20 Absorption of drug delayed when herb used as a bulk laxative Insulin21 Potentiates effect of drug due to delayed absorption of glucose Laxatives5 Increase in laxative actions of flax NSAIDs4
e.g. Indomethacin4 Increases prevalence of stomach/intestinal ulcers Remedies: Bone, Nail, Teeth, Skin health Forskohlii (Coleus forskohlii) – Root Clonidine23 Potential interaction Remedies: Allergies, Asthma, Eczema, Irritable bowel syndrome, Menstrual cramps, High blood pressure, Glaucoma

Herb Drug Class Type of Interaction Garlic (Allium sativum) – Bulb Anticoagulants2,4,5,7,9,19
e.g. Warfarin1,3,11,12,16,19,20 Interact Antiplatelet therapy5 Anticoagulant activity of drug enhances (may double clotting time) ASA2,9,12 Enhances effects of antiplatelet therapy
Potentiates the anti-thrombotic effect of ASA Diabetic Therapy2,9
e.g. Insulin3 Dose of drug may need adjusting due to hypoglycemic effects of herb Remedies: Cardiovascular system, Congestive heart failure, Lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels Ginger (Zingiber officinale) – Root All drugs3 Increases absorption of drug Anticoagulants2,4,5,9,11,19,20 Inhibitory effect on thromboxane synthesis Cardiac therapy2,9
Interact Cyclophosphamide3 Side effect of vomiting prevented by prior administration of acetone extract of ginger or its component 6-gingerol (PO in Suncus/shrew) Diabetic therapy2,9
Interact Sulfaguanidine3,4 Increases absorption of drug (rats) Remedies: Anti-nausea, Anti-vomiting, Blood circulation, Indigestion Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) – Leaf Anticoagulants1,2,4,5,12,13,14,19
& Antiplatelet therapy20 Potentiates effect of drug – Monitor coagulation e.g. Aspirin3,12,16,20
NSAIDs4 Warfarin16,20
Ticlopidine20 May introduce spontaneous bleeding
Interact
Potentiates effect of drug MAOIs3,20
May potentiate effects of drug Papaverine3 Potentiates effect of intracavernosal injection for impotence (in 20% of patients for whom previously ineffective) SSRIs20
Ginkgo may counter the sexual dysfunction that may be experienced with SSRIs Thiazide diuretic18 Herb decreases effect of drug, the interaction causes hypertension Remedies: Alzheimer’s disease, Blood circulatory diseases, Depression, Diabetes, Male impotence, Migraine, Multiple sclerosis, Tinnitus Ginseng North American (Panax quinquefolius) – Root Anticoagulation therapy3,4,12,16
e.g. Warfarin20 Interact
Decreases INR levels Antihypertensives4
e.g. Diuretics20 Interact
Decreases diuretic action Digitalis12
Increases toxicity Estrogen Therapy4,9 Interact Oral Hypoglycemia therapy4,5
Interact Insulin3 Dose adjustment due to hypoglycemic effect MAOIs1,3.4.5.9.11.12.20 Interact Oral contraceptives12 Interact Psychotherapeutic medication4,12/Antipsychotics19
e.g. Phenelzine4,9,16,20 Interact Steroids12,19 Interact Remedies: Flu, Common cold, Sore throat, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Fibromyalgia, Alzheimer’s disease, Arteriosclerosis,
Chemotherapy support, Male reproductive health, Stress, Diabetes Ginseng Siberian (Eleuthero coccus senticosus) – Root Anticoagulants2,4 Interact Antipsychotics4,9 Interact (Stimulant activity) Barbiturates2,4
e.g. Hexobarbital3,5 Potentiates effects of drug
Increases effect of drug due to inhibition of its metabolic breakdown Cardiac therapy2,9 Interact Diabetes therapy2,4,9 Interact Digoxin2,5,16,19 Increases serum digoxin levels Estrogen4 Potentiates effect of drug Hypertension therapy2,4 Contra-indicated Hypotension therapy2,9 Interact Insulin3 May need to adjust dose due to hypoglycemic effect Monomycin & Kanamycin3 Increases efficacy in treating Shigella dysentery and Proteus enterocolitis probably due to enhancement of t-lymphocyte activity Remedies: Alzheimer’s disease, Attention deficit disorder, Adjunctive chemotherapy, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Common cold, Diabetes, Flu, Fibromyalgia, Stress Glucosamine Sulfate (2-Amino-2-deoxyglucose) Diabetic medication15 Causes a decrease in insulin secretion and in insulin sensitivity (in animal studies) Remedies: Arthritis, Joint pain Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) – Root Anticoagulants4,5,9 Potential interaction Antihypertensives5
e.g. Beta blockers5
Calcium channel blockers5 Increases effect of drug Barbiturates2,4
e.g. Barbitu Increases sleeping times (rats) Cardiovascular medications4
e.g. Digoxin5 Interact
Increases effect of drug CNS depressants5
e.g. Alcohol, benzodiazepines5 Enhances sedative effects Oral Hypoglycemia Therapy22 Herb lowers blood sugar levels Remedies: Common cold, Chronic ear infections, Urinary tract infections, Crohn’s disease Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) – Fruit/Juice All Drugs including:
Benzodiazepines3,18
e.g. Midazolam, triazolam, alprazolam18, Buspirone18 Increases bioavailability
Inhibits metabolism by cytochrome P450-3A enzymes Calcium Antagonists3,18
e.g. Amlodipine, verapamil, nisoldipine, nifedipine, nitrendipine, felodipine, nimodipine, nicardipine Carvedilol18 Cisapride18 Clomipramine18 Coumarin3 Cyclosporin3,18 Ethinyl estradiol3,18 HMG CoA reductase inhibitors18
e.g. Atorvastatin, cerivastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin18 Saquinavir18 Tacrolimus18 Terfenadine3 Remedies: Appetite stimulant, Digestion, Diuretic Grape Seed Extract None reported5 Remedies: Good nutritional value Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) – Leaf All Drugs Green Tea has similar interactions as occur with caffeine Calcium12 Decreases absorption of calcium Doxorubicin5 May enhance the antitumor activity of doxorubicin Remedies: Stimulates immune system, Infections, Gum disease, some cancer risk reduction, Lowers cholesterol level, High blood pressure, High triglyceride levels Hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) – Aerial parts Antihypertensives5 Increases hypotension Cardiac glycosides3,5,12,19
e.g. Digitoxin, Digoxin3, Digitalis1,3,4 Potentiates effect of drug (helps lower digoxin levels where toxicity is a concern) Cardiac medications7,9
e.g. Nitrates5 Interact
Increases hypotension CNS depressants5 Addictive effects Remedies: Angina, Arteriosclerosis, High blood pressure Hops (Humulus lupulus) – Strobiles Alcohol2,9,14,20 Potentiates action of alcohol CNS depressants5 Increases effect of drug Cytochrome P450 metabolized drugs2,5 Yet to be evaluated Pentobarbital3 Increases sleeping time (mice) Phenothiazine-type antipsychotics5 Combination of herb and drug increases hyperthermia Sedative-hypnotics2,9,14,20 Potentiates effect of drug Remedies: Anxiety, Insomnia Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) – Seed Anticoagulants3,5
ASA3,5 Increased risk of bleeding Remedies: Varicose veins, Hemorrhoids, Blood circulation Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) – Root Thyroid medications9 Interact Remedies: Coughs, Diuretic, Sinus, Throat and lung problems Juniper (Juniperus communis) – Berry Diuretic therapy2,9 Potentiates effect of drug Hypoglycemic therapy2,9 Potentiates effect of drug Remedies: Urinary tract infections, water retention Kava (Piper methysticum) – Root Alcohol1,2,3,5,7,12,14 Potentiates action of herb Anticoagulants19 Interact Antidepressants7,12 Interact Antipsychotics7 Interact Barbiturates1,2,4,5,7
e.g. Hexobarbital2
e.g. Pentobarbital3,5 Potentiates action of barbiturates
Potentiates effect of drug (animals)
Potentiates effect of drug Benzodiazepines2,3,4,12,14,19/Tranquillizers12
e.g. Alprazolam2,5,20 Potential interaction
Potentiates effect of drug Centrally acting drugs1,2,4,7,20 Potentiates effect of drug CNS depressants3,5 Potentiates effect of drug Levodopa3 Decreases efficacy Hepato toxic drugs Potentiates effect of drug Remedies: Anxiety Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis) – Leaf CNS depressants14 Interact Hexobarbital3 Enhances effect of drug Pentobarbital2,3,4 Promotes hypnotic action (mice) Thyroid medications2,4,14 Interact Remedies: Herpes simplex, Indigestion, Insomnia, Nerve pain, Hyperthyroidism Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) – Root

Agents that prolong the QT interval5
e.g. procainamide, quinidine, terfenadine5

May prolong the QT interval Antihypertensives4,5,12 Interact Aspirin3,20 Deglycyrrhizinated licorice decreases ulcer formation (rats) & gave greater protection from ASA-induced gastric mucosal damage when used with cimetidine (rats) Cardiac glycosides2,3,11
e.g. Digitalis1,3,12,20
Digoxin5 Affect potassium levels
Increases toxicity due to decreases in potassium Cardiovascular drugs4 Interact Cathartics4
e.g. Stimulant laxatives3 Interact
Additive effect – increases potassium loss Corticosteroids3,4,5,11,20
e.g. Hydrocortisone2,3,16,
Prednisolone2,16 Interact
Potentiates effect of drug
Inhibit metabolism, increases plasma concentration Diuretics3,4,5,11,12,20
e.g. Loop diuretics2,11,
Potassium-sparing diuretics2,
Potassium-excreting agents or amiloride4, Spironolactone3,4,5,11,
Thiazide1,3,11 Affects potassium, potentiates potassium depletion Hormonal therapy4,9
e.g. Oral contraceptives16 Interact
Hypertension, edema, hypokalemia Estrogen & antiestrogen2 Interact Insulin2,3,4,9 Increases electrolyte disturbances Nitrofurantoin2 Increases bioavailability Remedies: Asthma, Bronchitis, Canker sores, Eczema, Herpes simplex, Indigestion, Heartburn, Peptic ulcer, Chronic fatigue syndrome Lobelia (Lobelia inflata) – Aerial parts Nicotine therapy5 (smoking cessation treatments) Contra-indicated – Nicotine and Lobelin are chemically similar in structure Remedies: Coughs, Colds, Asthma, Bronchitis, Flu, cardiovascular, Epilepsy

Herb Drug Class Type of Interaction Ma Huang (Ephedra sinica) – Aerial parts All Drugs2 Herb has similar interactions to those occurring with Ephedrine Anesthetics4 Interact Agents that influence urine pH
e.g. Antacids3,4
Acetazolamide20 Interact

Acetazolamide may cause increased concentration of ephedrine due to alkalinization of the urine ASA4 Potentiates effect of drug B adrenergic blockers4,5 Interact Cardiac glycosides1,4,11,13
e.g. Digitoxin7 Disturb heart rhythm
Interact Corticosteroids2
e.g. Dexamethasone3 Interact
Increases clearance and thereby reduces effect Centrally acting medications2,4
e.g. Antidepressants2
Antihypertensives2,4
Clonidine20 Interact
Interact
Interact
Clonidine may augment the pressor response to ephedrine Ephedra alkaloids5 Hypertensive crisis Ergot alkaloid derivatives11 Interact Guanethidine1,2,4,7,11,13,20 Increases sympathomimetic effect Halothane1,2,11,13,20 Disturbs heart rhythm MAOIs1,2,3,4,7,11,13
e.g. Tranylcypromine, selegiline, phenelzine, moclobemide3, isocarboxazid20 Increases sympathomimetic effect
Severe hypertension Methyl Xanthines3
e.g. Theophylline2,3,4,5,20 Interact, increases side effect (GI and CNS) of both herb and drug Oxytocin1,2,4,11,13 Hypertension Phenothiazine5 Hypotension Reserpine3,20 Indirect sympathomimetic effects of ephedrine are antagonized Secale alkaloid derivatives1,2 Hypertension Sodium Bicarbonate20 Ephedrine toxicity increases due to decreased elimination Stimulants2 Interact Sympathomimetic agents4,20 Interact Remedies: Breathing problems, Asthma, Nasal congestion Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis) – Root All Drugs1,3,4,5,10 Delays absorption of drug Dexamethasone4 Potentiates effect of drug Hypoglycemic therapy9,10 Interact Insulin5 Increases hypoglycemic effects Sulfonylureas5 Increases hypoglycemic effects Remedies: Peptic ulcer, Crohn’s disease, Diarrhea, Asthma, Common cold, Sore throat Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) – Leaf/Flower All Drugs2,9

e.g. Anticoagulants2 Herb has similar interactions to those occurring with salicylates
Interact Remedies: Diarrhea, Stomach problems Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) – Seed All Drugs2 Increases live metabolism of all drugs Acetaminophen4,19 Reduces hepatotoxicity ASA3,4 Altered metabolism in people with liver cirrhosis might be improved Butyrophenones20 Reduces lipid peroxidation Carbon tetrachloride4,19 Reduces hepatotoxicity Cisplatin3,4 Reduces hepatotoxicity Cyclosporine4 Reduces hepatotoxicity
Synergistic antiproliferative effect on human ovarian and breast cancer cell lines Doxorubicin4 Synergistic antiproliferative effect on human ovarian/breast cancer cell lines Ethanol4,19 Reduces hepatotoxicity Iron4 Reduces hepatotoxicity Phenothiazines4,20 Reduces hepatotoxicity Phenytoin21 Reduces hepatotoxicity Remedies: Gallstones, Psoriasis, Liver health Mistletoe (Viscum album) – Aerial parts Anticoagulant therapies9 Interact Antihypertensives4,5,10 Increases hypotensive effects/check blood pressure regularly Antidepressants9,10 Interact Cardiac drug5,9,10 Increases cardiac depression Coagulant therapies9 Interact CNS depressants5 Increases sedative effects Hypotensive therapies9 Interact Immunosuppressants5,9 Cytotoxic and immunostimulant effects MAOIs4 Interact/monitor Remedies: Blood pressure and heart, Mood, Migraine Nettle (Urtica dioica) – Leaf Anticoagulants4/
Coagulant therapy4 Interact Antihypertensives2,4,9 Interact CNS depressants4,9 Potentiates effect of drug Diabetic medication2,4,9 Interact Diclofenac (low dose)3,4 Leaf extract enhances the inflammatory response effect of diclofenac
Potentiates effect of drug Diuretics2,5 Potentiates effect of drug Hypotension medication4,9 Interact – Root Prostatic Hyperplasia Therapy22
e.g. Tamsulosin Potentiates effect of drug Remedies: BPH (enlarged prostate), hay fever Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) – Leaf Barbiturates4
e.g. Hexobarbital, Pentobarbital2,3 Increases hypnotic action
Increases sleeping time (animal) Centrally Acting Medications2,4,5 Increases hypnotic action and potential for monoamine oxidase inhibition CNS depressants20 Potential for additive effects and increases sedation MAOI Antidepressants5,7,9 Interact Remedies: Anxiety, Insomnia Pau D’arco (Tabebuia impetiginosa) – Bark Anticoagulants5,20 May potentiate effects of drug, prolongation of prothrombin time20 Iron5 Decreases absorption of iron Remedies: Infections and yeast infections Peppermint (Mentha x piperita) – Leaf Ulcer treatment e.g. H2
Receptor Blockers May antagonize achlorhydria Remedies: Migraine, Nerves, Stomach disorder, Heartburn, Herpes, Abdominal cramps Pine Bark Extract (Pinus maritima) None reported4,5 Remedies: Chronic venous insufficiency Propolis
– Resin Tetracycline24 Increases effectiveness Remedies: Anemia, Skin healing, Respiratory problems, Immune system support, Digestion Psyllium (Plantago psyllium)
– Seed All drugs1,3 May delay absorption of drugs Anti-coagulants21 Delays absorption of drug Anti-convulsants
e.g. Carbamazepine5,20 Decreases absorption and concentration of drug Cardioactive drug5
e.g. Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, digitalis5 A possibility that the herb enhances digitalis effect of the drug (highly speculative) Insulin3 Drug dosage must be adjusted due to slowing of dietary carbohydrate absorption Lithium3,5,16 Decreases concentration due to reduction of drug absorption Remedies: Constipation, Diarrhea, Hemorrhoids, Irritable bowel syndrome, Obesity, Arteriosclerosis, High cholesterol, High triglyceride level, Psoriasis Puncture Vine (Tribulus terrestris) None reported4 Remedies: Vitiligo (whitening of skin), Impotence, Female infertility, Urinary problems Pygeum (Prunus africana) – Bark Antibiotics for prostate and bladder infections4 Enhances effectiveness of drug Remedies: Urinary problems, Enlarged prostate Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) – Blossoms Anticoagulants5,9,10
e.g. Heparin, Warfarin5 May increase risk of bleeding Antiplatelet agents5
e.g. ASA, clopidogrel, ticlopidine5 May increase risk of bleeding Hormone Replacement Therapy9,10 Interact Oral Contraceptive5,9,10 May enhance action of drug by increasing estrogen components Remedies: Coughs Eczema, Possible cancer reduction Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) – Leaf Antidiabetic agents5,9 Increases effectiveness of hypoglycemic action Remedies: Menstrual problems, Diarrhea, Canker sores Red Yeast Rice lovastatin23
Simvastatin23
Atorvastatin23 Additive effect similar in (Cholestin) Remedies: Lowering cholesterol levels Rose Hips (Rosa canina) None reported5 Remedies: Colds, Infection Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) – Leaf Disulfiram5 Disulfiram reaction if herbal product contains alcohol Remedies: Circulatory system, Heart problems, High blood pressure, Menstruation Royal Jelly Antidiabetic agents5 May lead to loss of glycemic control in diabetic patients Remedies: Appetite stimulant, Chronic fatigue syndrome, Liver disease, Insomnia, Multiple sclerosis

Herb Drug Class Type of Interaction Sage (Salvia officinalis) – Leaf Anticonvulsants5,9 Lowers seizure threshold Antidiabetic agents5,9
e.g. Insulin5 Antagonizes glycemic control Sedatives9 Herb may potentiate sedative effects of other drugs Remedies: Menopause, Tonsillitis, Fever Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) – Berry Hormone replacement therapy2,4,9 Interacts because of its anti-androgen and estrogenic activity Oral contraceptives2,4,9 Interacts because of its anti-androgen and estrogenic activity Remedies: BPH (enlarged prostate) Schisandra (S. chinensis) – Berry Acetaminophen23 Reduces hepatotoxicity Remedies: Coughs, Asthma, Urinary problems, Tonic Scullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) – Aerial parts Centrally-acting medications2 Potentiates effect of drug Sedatives and tranquillizers3,4 Interact Remedies: Infertility, Nerve disorders Scullcap, Chinese (Scutellaria baicalensis) – Root Immunosuppressives5 Possible interaction Platelet aggregation inhibitors3,4 Potentiates effect of drug Senna (Cassia spp) – Leaf, Pod Indomethacin5 Decreases drug levels Calcium channel blockers5 Potentiates potassium depletion Digoxin23 Interacts Remedies: Sore throat, Fevers, Heart problems Slippery Elm (Ulmus rubra) – Aerial parts All Drugs7 May interfere with the absorption of drugs taken simultaneously Remedies: Gastritis, Crohn’s disease, Cough, Common cold, Sore throat St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) – Aerial parts All Drugs21,22 Drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme system have potential to interact Antabuse12 Interact Antidepressants4,5,12,17
e.g. Trazodone
nefazodone16,17
see MAOIs & SSRIs below Serotonin syndrome Anti-epilepsy drugs17
e.g. Phenytoin
carbamazepine
phenobarbital17 Interact Anti-retroviral drugs
e.g. Indinavir Interact Atypical antipsychotics12
e.g. Olanzapine, risperidone12 Interact Beta2 agonists12 Interact Dextromethorphan2,12 Interact Dibenzazepine Derivatives2
e.g. Amitriptyline, doxepin, carbamazepine2 Interact Digoxin5,16,17 Interact Dopamine agonists12 Interact Immunosuppressants17
e.g. Cyclosporine16,17,20 Interact – Decreases cyclosporine plasma concentration20 Meperidine2 Interact Metronidazole12
Midodrine20 Interact
Enhances pressor effect Migraine therapies17 Interact Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)2,3,5,9,12,20
e.g. Phenelzine, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid Interact Narcotics5
e.g. Morphine2 Interact Oral Contraceptives16,17 Interact – can make ineffective Reserpine3 Decreases effect of drug (mice) Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)2,3,4,5,7,12,16,17,20
e.g. Fluoxetine, paroxetine5, sertraline Serotonin syndrome Sympathomimetics2,5,12
e.g. Ephedrine, methyldopa, dopamine, tryptophan Interact Theophylline4,12,16,17,20 Interact Tyramine containing foods2,5 Decreases theophylline level
Interact (speculative) Warfarin17 Interact Remedies: Depression, Vitiligo (whitening of skin), Recurrent ear infections Tea Tree Oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) – Leaf None reported2,4,5,12 Remedies: Yeast infection, Vaginitis, Athletes foot, Acne Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) – Leaf & Flower None reported1,2,5 Remedies: Digestion, Fever, Headache, High cholesterol, Skin problems Turkey Tail (Coriolus versicolor) Cyclophosphamide23 Cyclophosphamide23 Remedies: Respiratory problems, Mood, Tonic Tumeric (Curcuma longa) – Root Anticoagulants5 Additive effects on platelets Immunosuppressants5 Decreases effects of drug NSAIDs5 Inhibits platelet function and increases risk of bleeding Reserpine and indomethacin3 Tumeric root solid alcoholic extract reduces the frequency of gastric and duodenal ulcer (rats) Remedies: Bursitis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Liver health, Arteriosclerosis Uva Ursi see Bearberry Remedies: Urinary tract infection Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) – Root Alcohol5,11,16 Potentiates effects of alcohol Anticonvulsants12 Increases seizures Barbiturates19
e.g. Pentobarbital, thiobarbital3 Increases sleeping time Benzodiazepines3,19
e.g. Diazepam3 May be helpful in withdrawal from benzodiazepines CNS depressants2,5,14,19 Potentiates effects of drug Sedative medications4,9,11,12,14 Potentiates effects of drug Remedies: Insomnia Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa) – Root Oral Contraceptive22 Interact – may interfere with effectiveness of contraceptive Remedies: High cholesterol, High triglyceride levels, Abdominal cramps, Menopause, Muscle pain and spasms Willow (Salix) – Bark All Drugs1,2,9 Willow has similar interaction to those occurring with salicylates. Irreversible inhibition of platelet aggregation by aspirin cannot be induced by structurally different salicin21 Anticoagulants5,9 Increases bleeding Antihypertensives5 Reduces effect Diuretics5 Increases risk of salicylate toxicity (highly speculative) Methotrexate9 Interact Metoclopramide9 Interact NSAIDs5,13 Interact Phenytoin9 Interact Probenecid9 Interact Salicylates9,13 Interact (no cases reported) Spironolactone9 Interact Valproate9 Interact Remedies: Headache, Pain, Backache, Nerve pain, Toothache Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) – Aerial parts Antacids4 Interact Anticoagulant therapy4,5,9 Interact CNS depressants5 Increases sedation Diuretics4 Interact H2receptor antagonists4 Interact Hypertensive4,5,9 / Hypotensive therapy4,9 Interact Sedatives4 Interact Remedies: Inflammation, Improves blood clotting, Diuretic, Fever, Some inflammatory disorders Yohimbe (Pausinystalia yohimbe) – Bark a-adrenoceptor blocking agents3
e.g. Phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine3 Increases toxicity of yohimbine Amobarbital3 Interact Antidepressants5,7,20 Interact Atropine3 Interact Beta blockers3
e.g. Propranolol, penbutolol, metoprolol3 Protects against yohimbine toxicity (mice) Central a2-adrenergic agonists3
e.g. Guanabenz, a-methylnorepinephrine3 Reverses hypotensive effects Clonidine3 Reverses hypotensive effects Hypotensive drugs1,20 Potentiates MAOIs1,3,20 Potentiates Naloxone3,20 Affects synergistically enhances Phenothiazines3
e.g. Chlorpromazine, promazine3 Increases toxicity of yohimbine Reserpine3 Interact Sedatives3 Increases effect of drug SSRIs5 Increases stimulation Sympathomimetics3,5,10
e.g. Epinephrine, ephedrine, amphetamine, cocaine3 Increases toxicity of yohimbine Thioxanthenes3
e.g. Chlorprothixene3 Increases toxicity of yohimbine Tricyclic anti-depressants3,5,16
e.g. Clomipramine3,20, imipramine, amitriptyline3 Combination of herb and drug may cause hypertension
Lower doses of yohimbine may have favorable effect in orthostatic hypotension induced by tricyclic anti-depressants Tyramine containing foods5,20 Increases blood pressure Remedies: Depression, Male impotence

References

Blumenthal, Mark, Goldberg, Alicia, & Brinckmann, Josef. (2000). Herbal medicine: Expanded commission E monographs. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine communications.

Boon, Heather, & Smith, Michael. (1999). The botanical pharmacy: The pharmacology of 47 common herbs. Kingston, ON: Quarry Press Inc.

Brinker, Francis. (1998). Herb contraindications and drug interactions: With appendices addressing specific conditions and medicines (2nd ed.). Sandy, OR: Eclectic Medical Publications.

Chandler, Frank. (Ed.). (2000). Herbs: Everyday reference for health professional. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Pharmacists Association and the Canadian Medical Association.

Fetrow, Charles W., & Avila, Juan R. (1999). Professional’s handbook of complementary and alternative medicines. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse Corp.

Karch, Steven B. (1999). The consumer’s guide to herbal medicine. New York: Advanced Research Press Inc.

Lininger, Schuyler W. Jr., Gaby, Alan R., Austin, Steve, Brown, Donald J., Wright, Jonathan V., & Duncan, Alice. (1999). The natural pharmacy (2nd ed.). Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing.

[Interactions not included in manual due to time constraints] Miller, Lucinda G., & Murray, Wallace J. (Eds.). (1998). Herbal medicinals: A clinician’s guide. New York: Pharmaceutical Products Press.

Newall, Carol A., Anderson, Linda A., & Phillipson, J. David. (1996). Herbal medicines: A guide for health-care professionals. London: Pharmaceutical Press.

Peirce, Andrea. (1999). The American pharmaceutical association practical guide to natural medicines. New York: William Morrow and Company Inc.

World Health Organization. (1999). WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants – Volume 1. Geneva.

Kuhn, Merrily A. (1999). Complementary therapies for health care providers. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

Gruenwald, Joerg, Brendler, Thomas, & Jaenicke, Christof. (Eds.) (1998). PDR for herbal medicines (1st ed.). Montvale, New Jersey: Medical Economics Company.

Wong, Albert H.C., Smith, Michael, & Boon, Heather. (1998). herbal remedies in psychiatric practices. Archives of General Psychiatry 55, 1033-1044.

Bedard, Mario. (2000). Glucosamine. CPJ 133, 5, 22-23.

Fugh-Berman, Adriane. (2000). Herb-drug interactions. The Lancet 355, 9198, 134-138.

Health Canada. (April 7, 2000). Advisory letter to healthy care professionals.

Canadian Pharmacists Association. (2000). CPS (35th ed.). Ottawa.

Nemecz, George, & Combest, Wendell L. (2000). Herbal Remedies. In Loyd V. Allen Jr., Rosemary R. Berardi, Edward M. DeSimone II, Janet P. Engle, Nicholas G. Popovich, Wendy Munroe Rosenthal, & Karen J. Tietze (Eds.), Handbook of Non-Prescription Drugs (2nd ed., pp. 953-982). Washington: American Pharmaceutical Association.

AltMedDex System: Complementary and Alternative Monographs. [Electronic database]. (2000). Micromedex, Inc.

Blumenthal, M Herbalgram 49, 2000.

Rogers, Robert, Evidence Gathered in Clinical Practice.

Meletis, Chris (2001) Instant Guide to Drug Herb Interactions, New York, Dorling Kindersley Publishing.

W. Krol et al, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 1996. Vol. 55.

Fiber:

Twenty-Five Surprising Benefits of a Dietary “Non-Nutrient”

It’s not a “sexy supplement” or a “new breakthrough.” In fact, it’s not even officially classified as a nutrient. But Americans get only 10% of the amount we consumed 100 years ago, and our health may be seriously suffering as a result.

What is this important “non nutrient” that we’re missing? Dietary fiber.

“Fiber” refers to a number of indigestible carbohydrates found in the outer layers of plants. Humans lack enzymes to break down most types of fiber, so they pass through the digestive system relatively unchanged and do not provide nutrients or significant calories.

In spite of this indigestibility, fiber has a surprising number of health benefits. In fact, consuming adequate daily fiber may be one of the most important health measures anyone can take.

Twenty-Five Health Benefits of Fiber — Who Knew?

There are numerous “sub-classes” of fiber, but the two main types are I.) soluble and II.) insoluble fiber. Both types are beneficial to health and both typically occur together in nature. They each offer independent health benefits. Here are twenty-five known health benefits that fiber provides.

Bowel Benefits:

Relieves constipation. Insoluble fiber absorbs large amounts of water in the colon. This makes stools softer and easier to pass. Most people who increase fiber intake will notice improved bowel function in 31-39 hours.(1-4)
Relieves diarrhea. It may seem paradoxical that a substance which helps constipation also helps diarrhea, but that’s just what fiber does. Insoluble fiber binds watery stool in the colon, helping turn “watery” into “formed.” Fiber is known to offer significant improvement to those with diarrhea.(5,6)
Helps prevent hemorrhoids. Constipation is a leading cause of hemorrhoids. Because fiber-rich stools are easier to pass, less straining is necessary. Diets high in fiber have been shown to prevent and relieve hemorrhoids.(7)
Reduces risk of diverticular disease. In cultures that consume high-fiber diets, diverticular disease is relatively unknown. That’s because high fiber intake “exercises” the colon, prevents excess bowel gas and absorbs toxins, all of which lead to the “bowel herniation” disease known as diverticulitis. Increased fiber intake is currently recommended in Western medicine as primary prevention for the disease.(8,9,10)
Helps Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS is characterized by constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation/diarrhea. Regardless of type, increased fiber intake has been shown to improve IBS symptoms.(3,11-14)
Improves bowel flora. “Flora” refers to the “good bugs” (healthy bacteria) that colonize the large intestine (colon). Antibiotics, drugs, food allergies, high sugar diets and junk food alter this “bowel garden” in favor of the “bad bugs.” Certain types of fiber are rich in substances the “feed” bowel flora and help keep the balance of good bacteria in the colon at a normal level.(4,15)
Helps prevent colon cancer. Although research has been controversial, observational studies in the 1970s showed that African natives consuming high-fiber diets had a much lower incidence of colorectal carcinoma.(16) Since the “risk” of increased fiber consumption is so small, the “US Pharmacist,” states…

“…with no clearly negative data about fiber, it makes sense to increase fiber intake just in case the positive studies did reveal an actual link. The patient will also experience the ancillary benefits of fiber consumption, such as reduction in cholesterol (with psyllium), prevention of constipation, and reducing risk of hemorrhoids.”

Appendicitis: studies show a correlation between the development of appendicitis and low fiber intake. A diet high in fiber may help prevent appendicitis.(59)

**Whew… that’s just the bowel benefits!**
Fiber also helps prevent heart disease in multiple ways.

Lowers Total cholesterol. According to the FDA, soluble fiber meets the standard for reduction of risk from coronary heart disease.(15,16) Psyllium husk is also able to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease as it contains a soluble fiber similar to beta-glucan.(17-26)
Lowers triglycerides. Higher dietary fiber is associated with lower triglyceride levels.(24-26)
Raises HDL. Fiber may even raise HDL — the “good cholesterol” — levels.(27)
Lowers LDL Cholesterol. In addition to total cholesterol, increased fiber lowers LDL — the “bad cholesterol” — levels.(28-29)
Aids Weight loss. Fiber helps prevent weight gain and assists weight loss several ways. The “bulking action” of fiber leads to an earlier feeling of satiety, meaning that one feels satisfied with less high-calorie food when the meal contains a lot of fiber.(30,31) Fiber helps bind and absorb dietary fat, making it less available for assimilation. This means that some fat may be “lost” through the digestive tract when the meal is high in insoluble fiber.(32)
Lowers Overall risk of Coronary Artery Disease. Perhaps because of a combination of the above-listed lipid-normalizing factors, some studies have shown an overall protective effect of higher fiber intake against coronary heart disease.(33)

Fiber also benefits blood sugar levels and diabetes…

Helps Type I Diabetes. Eaten with meals, high-fiber supplements like guar gum reduced the rise in blood sugar following meals in people with type 1 diabetes.(34-35) In one trial, a low-glycemic-index diet containing 50 grams of daily fiber improved blood sugar control and helped prevent hypoglycemic episodes in people with type 1 diabetes taking two or more insulin injections per day.(36)
Improves Type II Diabetes. High-fiber diets have been shown to work better in controlling diabetes than the American Diabetic Association (ADA)-recommended diet, and may control blood sugar levels as well as oral diabetic drugs.One study compared participants eating the the ADA diet (supplying 24 grams of daily fiber) or a high-fiber diet (containing 50 grams daily fiber) for six weeks. Those eating the high-fiber diet for six weeks had an average 10% lower glucose level than people eating the ADA diet. Insulin levels were 12% lower in the high-fiber group compared to those in the ADA diet group. The high fiber group also had decreased glycosylated hemoglobin levels, a measure of long-term blood glucose regulation.(37)
High-fiber supplements such as psyllium(38), guar gum(39) and pectin(40) have shown improved glucose tolerance.(20, 26)

More systemic benefits of fiber:

Gallstone prevention. Rapid digestion of carbohydrates leads to fast release of glucose (sugar) into the bloodstream. In response, the body releases large amounts of insulin. High insulin levels contribute to gallstone formation. Because dietary fiber slows the release of carbohydrates (and corresponding insulin), fiber helps prevent gallstone formation.(41-43)
Kidney stone prevention. Low intakes of dietary fiber have been found to correlate with increased kidney stone formation, and higher intakes of fiber appear to be protective against stone formation.(44-46)
Varicose veins. “Straining at stool” caused by fiber-deficiency constipation, has been found in some studies to cause varicose veins.(47) Populations with lower fiber intakes have higher rates of varicosities.(48)

Fiber may even be important in prevention of certain types of cancer…

Colon Cancer Prevention. Diets higher in fiber have been shown in some studies to reduce the risk of colon cancer.(49-51)
Breast cancer prevention. Higher fiber diets are associated with lower breast cancer risk.(51,52) Some studies have shown up to a 50% decreased risk with higher fiber intakes.(53) After diagnosis, a high fiber diet may decrease the risk of breast cancer reoccurrence.(54)
Pancreatic cancer prevention. High fiber diets are associated with lower risk of pancreatic cancer.(55)
Endometrial cancer prevention. Higher fiber has been shown in some studies to protect against endometrial cancer.(56)
Prostate cancer prevention. Diets higher in fiber may be associated with lower risk of prostate cancer.(51,57) After diagnosis, a high fiber diet may decrease the risk of prostate cancer reoccurrence.(54)
Cancer prevention in general. Some studies have found that high fiber diets help prevent cancer in general, regardless of type.(58)

Recommendations vs. Reality

The average daily American fiber intake is estimated at 14 to 15 g, significantly less than the American Dietetic Association recommendation of 20 to 35 g for adults, 25 g daily for girls ages 9 through 18 years and 31 to 38 g for boys ages 9 through 18.(60-61) The American Heart Association recommends 25 to 30 g daily.(62)

Based on dietary intakes of long-lived populations (who typically consume 40-60 grams or more of fiber per day), many holistic physicians recommend aiming for a minimum of 30 grams of daily fiber.

In my clinical experience, I find that most people over-estimate their fiber intake because they are unaware of the fiber content of many of the foods they eat. See how your food choices stack up here: Rate Your Plate – It’s fun, educational and surprising!

Since fiber has proven itself to be such an important “non nutrient” for good health, increased dietary consumption and/or supplementation can be considered a wise choice for optimal health and disease prevention.

Still The Best-Tasting, Most Complete Fiber Available

Dr. Myatt’s Maxi Fiber was called EZ Fiber – NOW CALLED Fiber Complex

Great News! Maxi Fiber, one of Dr. Myatt’s most popular products, has been licensed to a major supplement manufacturer. This means that Dr. Myatt no longer sells Maxi Fiber in the small containers, but now offers the same great product (exactly the same!) in a larger container for your convenience. The old Maxi Fiber provided 30 servings per container and the new product Fiber Complex ™ comes in a 60 serving container.

Click Here To Order Fiber Complex

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Chandalia M, Garg A, Lutjohann D, et al. Beneficial effects of high dietary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. New Engl J Med 2000;342:1392–8.
Rodríguez-Morán M, Guerrero-Romero F, Lazcano-Burciaga G. Lipid- and glucose-lowering efficacy of plantago psyllium in type II diabetes. Diabetes Its Complications 1998;12:273–8.
Landin K, Holm G, Tengborn L, Smith U. Guar gum improves insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, blood pressure, and fibrinolysis in healthy men. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;56:1061–5.
Stasse-Wolthuis M, Hautvast JG, Hermus RJ, Katan MB, Bausch JE, Rietberg-Brussaard JH, Velema JP, Zondervan JH, Eastwood MA, Brydon WG. The effect of a natural high-fiber diet on serum lipids, fecal lipids, and colonic function. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979 Sep;32(9):1881-8.
Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Rao AV, Hegele RA, Mitchell SJ, Ransom TP, Boctor DL, Spadafora PJ, Jenkins AL, Mehling C, et al. Effect on blood lipids of very high intakes of fiber in diets low in saturated fat and cholesterol. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 1;329(1):21-6.
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van Bennekum AM, Nguyen DV, Schulthess G, Hauser H, Phillips MC. Mechanisms of cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary insoluble fibres: relationships with intestinal and hepatic cholesterol parameters. Br J Nutr. 2005 Sep;94(3):331-7.
Jensen MK, Koh-Banerjee P, Hu FB, Franz M, Sampson L, Grønbaek M, Rimm EB. Intakes of whole grains, bran, and germ and the risk of coronary heart disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6):1492-9.
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Giacco R, Parillo M, Rivellese AA, et al. Long-term dietary treatment with increased amounts of fiber-rich low-glycemic index natural foods improves blood glucose control and reduces the number of hypoglycemic events in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2000;23:1461–6.
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Richardson JB, Dixon M. Varicose veins in tropical Africa.Lancet. 1977 Apr 9;1(8015):791-2.
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Suzuki R, Rylander-Rudqvist T, Ye W, Saji S, Adlercreutz H, Wolk A. Dietary fiber intake and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer defined by estrogen and progesterone receptor status-A prospective cohort study among Swedish women. Int J Cancer. 2007 Aug 31; [Epub ahead of print].
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Echinacea (E. angustifolia, purpura)

Natural Immune System Booster

Echinacea is one of the most popular herbs for stimulating and boosting the immune system. It acts as an immune stimulant, immune modulator (balances the immune system), anti-viral and anti-bacterial.

Echinacea, also known as the purple coneflower, is a native American herb with an impressive record of laboratory and clinical research. Echinacea has long been used by North American Plains Indians shamans and today thousands of modern healers use echinacea for treating infectious diseases. It was often used in modern American medicine in the early 20th Century, and became popular with Europeans, who have used it extensively since the 1930s. Today millions of Europeans use echinacea as a primary therapy for colds, flu’s, infections, and for it’s general immune-boosting effects.

Primary uses of echinacea include:

Colds, coughs and flu and other upper respiratory conditions
Enlarged lymph glands, sore throat
Urinary tract infections
Other minor infections
May help combat herpes and candida
Wounds, skin regeneration and skin infections (external use)
Psoriasis, eczema and inflammatory skin conditions (external use)

Echinacea increases the “non-specific” activity of the immune system stimulating the overall activity of the cells responsible for fighting all kinds of infection. Unlike antibiotics, which are directly toxic to bacteria, echinacea makes our own immune cells more efficient in attacking bacteria, viruses and abnormal cells, including cancer cells.

Echinacea facilitates wound healing and reduces the symptoms of and speeds recovery from viral infections. It’s anti-inflammatory effects make it useful externally against inflammatory skin conditions including psoriasis and eczema. It may also increase resistance to candida, bronchitis, herpes, and other infectious conditions.

Hundreds of scientific studies have documented the chemistry, pharmacology, and clinical applications of echinacea. The most consistently proven effect of echinacea is in stimulating phagocytosis, which is to encourage white blood cells and lymphocytes to attack invading organisms.

Specific actions of echinacea include:

increases the number and activity of immune system cells, including anti-tumor cells:
promotes T-cell activation;
stimulates new tissue growth for wound healing;
reduces inflammation in arthritis and inflammatory skin conditions;
Mild antibiotic action: bacteriostatic, anti-viral, anti-fungal.
inhibits the bacterial enzyme hyaluronidase, to help prevent bacterial access to healthy cells.

Specific studies of echinacea include:

An extract of echinacea showed an increase of 50%-120% in immune function over a 5 day period (Jurcic, et al. 1989).
An extract of echinacea significantly increased the resistance to flu and reduced the symptoms of lymph gland swelling, inflamed nasal passages and headache (Braunig, et al. 1992).
Of 4500 patients with inflammatory skin conditions, including psoriasis, 85% were cured with topical applications of echinacea salve (Wacker & Hilbig, 1978).
Human white blood cells, stimulated by echinacea extract increased phagocytosis (consumption) of yeast cells by 20-40% compared to controls. (Wagner and Proksch 1985)

Echinacea has an excellent safety record and there is no known toxicity. However, according to the German Kommission E, echinacea should not be used in progressive systemic and auto-immune disorders such as tuberculosis, leicosis, connective tissue disorders, collagenosis and related diseases such as lupus. Further, its use in AIDS or opportunistic infections in AIDS patients is controversial.

It should be noted that echinacea is not appropriate for chronic use: with such long-term use, echinacea appears to lose it’s effectiveness. Maximum periods of continuous use should not exceed 6 – 8 weeks.

Echinacea is not a substitute for other medical interventions in rapidly accelerating infections. If a condition persists or worsens, seek medical advice. Many serious medical conditions are not appropriate for self-diagnosis or self-medication and require the supervision of qualified health care providers.

Additional Reading and References:

Echinacea, Nature’s Immune Enhancer by Stephen Foster. Healing Arts Press, 1991.
Echinacea, the Immune Herb by Christopher Hobbs. Botanica Press, 1990.
Botanical Influences on Illness by Melvyn Werbach and Michael Murray. Third Line Press, 1994. See chapters on Cancer, Candidiasis, Immunodepression, Infection, Wound Healing.
Herbal Medicine by Rudolf Weiss. AB Arcanum, 1988.
The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2007; 7:473-480 Review Evaluation of echinacea for the prevention and treatment of the common cold: a meta-analysis http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473309907701603/abstract
British Herbal Pharmacopeia, 1992.
Kommission E Monographs: Echinacea. Kooperation Phytopharmaka, , Germany.
Jurcic, et al. Zeitschrift fur Phytotherapie 10 (2), 1989.
Braunig, et al. Zeitschrift fur Phytotherapie 13: 7-13, 1992.
Wagner and Proksch 1985 In: Economic and Medicinal Plant Research, Academic Press, Orlando, p.113.
Wacker & Hilbig. Planta Medica 33(1): 89-102, 1978.
Chone & Mandakis. Deutsch Med. Wschr. 27: p. 1406
Luettig, et al. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 81(9): 669-75, 1989.
Stimpel, et al. Infect. Immun. 46, 845, 1984;
Steinmuller, et al. Int. J. Immunopharmac., Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 605-614, 1993.

Inositol Powder 250 grams

Supports emotional wellness, behavior and mood

Promotes healthy ovarian function

Inositol is a part of the B-complex family. Myo-inositol is the primary form of inositol found in the central nervous system and plays an important role in cell membrane formation. It serves as part of the phosphatidylinositol second messenger system, supporting serotonin, norepinenephrine and cholinergic receptor function. As a result, inositol may support healthy mood, emotional wellness and behavior, and help lessen occasional nervous tension. Research also shows that myo-inositol helps to support healthy ovulatory activity, ovarian function, and reproductive system function.

Inositol Powder (Myo Inositol form)

Product # N371 (250 grams) $35.20

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Inositol (powder) – Supplement Facts – two scoops contain: inositol (as myo-inositol)4.1 g.
Suggested use: 2 scoops, 1–2 times daily, with or between meals, or as directed by a health professional.
servings per container: 61

Myo-inositol in the Treatment of Mood and Behavior Disorder

According to a study performed in Israel (1): “These results suggest that inositol has therapeutic effects in the spectrum of illness responsive to serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors, including depression, panic and OCD, and is not beneficial in schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s ADDH, autism or ECT-induced cognitive impairment.”

The doses of inositol used in the Israeli studies ranged from 12 to 18 grams of inositol daily with significant improvements noted after 4 to 6 weeks of treatment with inositol.

Myo-inositol in the Treatment of PCOS-related Infertility and Non-PCOS Egg Quality Infertility

Myo-inositol has been widely studied and found effective for PCOS-related causes of infertility and some non-PCOS egg quality improvement. These have all been human studies. In fact, myo-inositiol is one of the better-studied agents for this purpose.

Inositol is part of the vitamin B complex. It occurs as 9 different isomers, but only two of these are of interest in fertility: myo-inositol (MYO) and d-chiro-inositol (DCI)

Both MYO and DCI have been studied and found useful in the treatment of PCOS.(1-14) However, only MI has been show to be present in follicular fluid and only MI was able to improve oocyte and embryo quality (1,2,9,12,15), ovulation induction (6-8,10-11) and hormone balance. (3-5,13) DCI does not have even remotely as much research behind it as MYO. (16) Therefor, for fertility issues with or without PCOS, I recommend the myo-inositol form. Please note that some of these studies used melatonin in combination with myo-inositol (2,11-12). Melatonin alone has also been studied and found useful for improving egg quality. (17-18)

Myo-inositol may also improve other associated risks of PCOS (sugh as high triglycerides and blood sugars) with or without an effect on egg quality. (3,5,7)

Most forms of inositol available in health food stores are probably the myo-inositol form. However, many products do not specify this on the label. I would always want to verify with the manufacturer before using.

A product called “Pregnitude” is available, containing myo-inositol plus folic acid. Several studies used myo-inositol with folic acid and found improved egg quality in PCOS. (9,11) All pre-pregnant women should already be getting folic acid from their multiple because of it’s importance in preventing spina bifida. This makes the “magic” in Pregnitude the myo-inositol. Pregnitude is individually packaged by 2 gram serving, and that is convenient, but the price is double what what most myo-inositol powders are.

Daily dose of myo-inositol for improving egg quality is 2-4 grams per day. This can be taken as 2 grams, once or twice daily.

Myo-inositol product has a mild sweet taste and can be taken in water, smoothie, Super Shake — whatever makes it easiest.

Egg Quality Protocol, Especially for PCOS Patients (Dr. Myatt’s recommendation based on the studies)

I.) myo-inositol: 2-4 grams per day
II.) melatonin: 3mg per day (take this at bedtime)
III.) folic acid: 400mcg (this amount or more should already be in a good multi-vitamin. Maxi Multi contains 800mcg of the natural form of folic acid, tetra-methyl folate)

References (wellness, behavior, mood)

1.) Levine J., Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel. Controlled trials of inositol in psychiatry. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1997 May;7(2):147-55. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9169302

References (fertility, PCOS, egg quality)

1.) Ciotta L, Stracquadanio M, Pagano I, Carbonaro A, Palumbo M, Gulino F. Effects of myo-inositol supplementation on oocyte’s quality in PCOS patients: a double blind trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011 May;15(5):509-14.
2.) Carlomagno G, Nordio M, Chiu TT, Unfer V. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011 Dec;159(2):267-72. Epub 2011 Aug 10.
Contribution of myo-inositol and melatonin to human reproduction. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21835536
3.) Costantino D, Minozzi G, Minozzi E, Guaraldi C. Metabolic and hormonal effects of myo-inositol in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a double-blind trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2009 Mar-Apr;13(2):105-10.
4.) Donà G, Sabbadin C, Fiore C, Bragadin M, Giorgino FL, Ragazzi E, Clari G, Bordin L, Armanini D. Inositol administration reduces oxidative stress in erythrocytes of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.Eur J Endocrinol. 2012 Apr;166(4):703-10. Epub 2012 Jan 5.
5.) Genazzani AD, Lanzoni C, Ricchieri F, Jasonni VM. Myo-inositol administration positively affects hyperinsulinemia and hormonal parameters in overweight patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.Gynecol Endocrinol. 2008 Mar;24(3):139-44
6.) Gerli S, Mignosa M, Di Renzo GC. Effects of inositol on ovarian function and metabolic factors in women with PCOS: a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2003 Nov-Dec;7(6):151-9.
7.) Gerli S, Papaleo E, Ferrari A, Di Renzo GC. Randomized, double blind placebo-controlled trial: effects of myo-inositol on ovarian function and metabolic factors in women with PCOS. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2007 Sep-Oct;11(5):347-54.
8.) Morgante G, Orvieto R, Di Sabatino A, Musacchio MC, De Leo V. The role of inositol supplementation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, with insulin resistance, undergoing the low-dose gonadotropin ovulation induction regimen.Fertil Steril. 2011 Jun 30;95(8):2642-4. Epub 2011 Feb 5.
9.) Papaleo E, Unfer V, Baillargeon JP, Fusi F, Occhi F, De Santis L. Fertil Steril. 2009 May;91(5):1750-4. Epub 2008 May 7. Myo-inositol may improve oocyte quality in intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. A prospective, controlled, randomized trial.
10.) Papaleo E, Unfer V, Baillargeon JP, De Santis L, Fusi F, Brigante C, Marelli G, Cino I, Redaelli A, Ferrari A. Myo-inositol in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a novel method for ovulation induction.Gynecol Endocrinol. 2007 Dec;23(12):700-3. Epub 2007 Oct 10.
11.) Rizzo P, Raffone E, Benedetto V. Effect of the treatment with myo-inositol plus folic acid plus melatonin in comparison with a treatment with myo-inositol plus folic acid on oocyte quality and pregnancy outcome in IVF cycles. A prospective, clinical trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Jun;14(6):555-61.
12.) Unfer V, Raffone E, Rizzo P, Buffo S. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2011 Nov;27(11):857-61. Epub 2011 Apr 5. Effect of a supplementation with myo-inositol plus melatonin on oocyte quality in women who failed to conceive in previous in vitro fertilization cycles for poor oocyte quality: a prospective, longitudinal, cohort study.
13.) Unfer V, Carlomagno G, Dante G, Facchinetti F. Effects of myo-inositol in women with PCOS: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2012 Jul;28(7):509-15. doi: 10.3109/09513590.2011.650660. Epub 2012 Feb 1.
14.) Nestler JE, Jakubowicz DJ, Reamer P, Gunn RD, Allan G. Ovulatory and metabolic effects of D-chiro-inositol in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1999 Apr 29;340(17):1314-20.
15.) Galletta M, Grasso S, Vaiarelli A, Roseff SJ. Bye-bye chiro-inositol – myo-inositol: true progress in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome and ovulation induction. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011 Oct;15(10):1212-4.
16.) Galazis N, Galazi M, Atiomo W. D-Chiro-inositol and its significance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review.Gynecol Endocrinol. 2011 Apr;27(4):256-62. Epub 2010 Dec 10.
17.) Batioglu AS, Sahin U, Gürlek B, Oztürk N, Unsal E. The efficacy of melatonin administration on oocyte quality. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2012 Feb;28(2):91-3. Epub 2011 Jul 20.
18.) Tamura H, Takasaki A, Miwa I, Taniguchi K, Maekawa R, Asada H, Taketani T, Matsuoka A, Yamagata Y, Shimamura K, Morioka H, Ishikawa H, Reiter RJ, Sugino N. Oxidative stress impairs oocyte quality and melatonin protects oocytes from free radical damage and improves fertilization rate. J Pineal Res. 2008 Apr;44(3):280-7.